Exam 1, Anatomy & Physiology                   
September 20, 2001                           

Multiple Choice (1 pt each)  Use Scantron for questions 1-30

1______ A plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts is called a:  A) medial plane.  B) frontal plane.
C) sagittal plane.  D) cranial plane. E) transverse plane.

2 ______ The teaching of gross anatomy was revolutionized during the Renaissance by the "Father of Modern Anatomy": 
A) Galen.  B) Avicenna.  C) Cannon.D) Vesalius.  E) Hugh Hefner.

3 ______ The "sex hormones," estrogen and testosterone, are derived from: A) proteins. B) orginal sin.
C) phospholipids. D) cholesterol.  E) amino acids.

4______ Prostaglandins are a type of: A) protein. B) lipid. C) enzyme. D) nucleic acid E) carbohydrate.

5______ The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by the: A) pleural membranes. B) spinal cord.
C) diaphragm. D) rib cage. 

6_______ The accurate view of blood circulation was described in the 17th century by: A) Vesalius. B) Metrodora.
C) Descartes.  D) Harvey. E) the LA Times.

7______ Sucrose and lactose are examples of:  A) dipeptides.  B) polysaccharides.C) triglycerides. D) disaccharides. E) monosaccharides.

8______ Water molecules interact with each other by:  A) ionic bonds.  B) hydrogen bonds.  C) covalent bonds. 
D) non-polar bonds.  E) peptide bonds.

9______ "All cells come from pre-existing cells" is part of the:  A) germ theory. B) cell theory.  C) theory of evolution. 
D) Hippocratic oath.  E) Pledge of Biological Allegiance.

10______ The snakes that are part of the caduceus originate from:  A) snake handlers in early Christian hospitals. 
B) temples of Aesculapius in ancient Greece.  C) the art of Da Vinci.  D) the practices of ancient Egyptians. E) none of the above; they just look cool.

11______ Glycogen and starch are examples of:  A) polypeptides.  B) fatty acids.  C) polysaccharides.  D) monosaccharides E) triglycerides.

12______ "K" is the elemental symbol for:  A) calcium.  B) chloride.  C) kryponite.D) potassium.  E) iron.

13______ A typical fever is best described as a/an:  A) positive feedback cycle.  B) negative feedback cycle. 
C) malfunction in a control center.  D) altered set point.  E) malfunction in a receptor.

14______ Vaccination was pioneered by:  A) Jenner.  B) Harvey.  C) Vesalius. D) Aztecs.  E) van Leeuwenhoek.

15______ Nipples of a human are anterior, but nipples of a cat are:  A) ventral  B) caudal. C) dorsal.  D) posterior. 
E) trick question, cats don't have nipples!

16______ A compound that contains a carboxyl group (-C00H) is:  A) a base.  B) an acid.  C) saccharide  D) salt.  E) none of the above.

17______ Blood, bile, black bile, and phlegm are:  A) the four elements of Egyptian medicine.  B) the four humors. 
C) four of the five elements in ancient Chinese medicine.   D) the four horsemen of the Apocalypse. 
E) nicknames for the guards and tackles on the Kingsmen football team.

18 ______ The ribs are ____ to the heart and lungs.  A) deep.  B) ipsilateral. C) anterior.  D) dorsal.  E) external. 

19.______ The lipids found in cell membranes are mostly:  A) triglycerides
B) neutral fats.  C) phopholipids.  D) trans fatty acids.  E) derived from chili cheese fries from Del Taco. 

20_____ Active sites are components of:  A) polysaccharides.  B) structural proteins C) enzymes.  D) phospholipids.  E) steroid hormones.

21.______ If an incision cuts the heart into left and right parts, the section is a:
A) frontal section.  B) transverse section.  C) sagittal section.  D) coronal section.  E) C-section.

22______ The ankle is _______ to the knee (even when the body isn't in anatomical position).  A) superior.  B) inferior.
C) proximal.  D) distal. E) posterior. 

23______ A collection of tissues organized to perform a specific function is referred to as a/an: A) organism.  B) system. 
C) organ.  D) metabolic unit.  E) none of the above.

24______ The _____ is the basic structural and functional unit of life.  A) organism. B) gene.  C) cell.  D) tissue.  E) water molecule.

25_____ CH₂O is the general formula for:  A) any organic molecule.  B) carbonated water.  C) a lipid.  D) a carbohydrate.  E) a peptide. 

26_____ A triglyceride is the product of 1 glycerol and three:  A) amino acids. B) saccharides.  C) cholesterols.  D) fatty acids.  E) phospholipids.

27_____ The bond that forms between a sodium ion (Na+) and a chloride ion (Cl-) is a/an ______ bond.  A) hydrogen.
B) covalent. C) ionic.  D) doric.  E) salt.

28 _____ Partially hydrogenated oils contain _____ that may increase the risk of  heart disease, just like saturated fats. 
A) cis fatty acids.  B) phospholipids. C) monounsaturated fats.  D) trans fatty acids.  E) triglycerides.

29.______  Most enzyme names can be recognized by the suffix:  A) -aze.  B) -ose. C) -son D) -yme  E) -ase. 

30 ______ Forming a water molecule as a result or byproduct of a reaction is known as a ____ reaction.  A) hydration.
B) condensation. C) hydrolysis.  D) activation.  E) a miracle.

Fill Ins: (1-3 pts each)

A/an _________________ is the simplest body structure to be composed of two or more types of tissues.

Metabolism is the combination of _____________________________ ("building up

reactions") and ________________________________ ("tearing down reactions").

A pH of _______ is considered neutral.  If solution "X" has 100 times fewer hydrogen

ions than a neutral solution, solution "X" has a pH of ___________. (a number)

In a ______________________ _______________________ mechanism, the output of

the system intensifies the original stimulus, leading to an unstable situation.  An

example of this type of system is ___________________________________________

____________________________________________________.

Pima Indians have high rates of the disease ________________________________

(be specific).

A nucleotide contains 3 components: a base, ________________ & ____________.

Short answers (3 pts each)

Define "Homeostasis"

What is the difference between a cofactor and a coenzyme?  How are they similar?

List 3 key roles for water in the body. 

Describe "Anatomical Position."

Name three elements that are important in nerve and muscle physiology.

What are three key characteristics of enzymes?

Identify the following molecules (be as specific as possible) (3 pts each)

 

______________________________                      ________________________________

Describe two features of the Hippocratic Oath that are as important in medicine today as they were in ancient Greece. 
Also, describe one feature of the oath that would be specific to life in ancient Greece and not relevant to medicine today. (6 pts)

Important Today:

Specific to ancient Greece:

Many contributions to Western medicine have been made by non-Western societies. 
List one contribution to Western medicine provided by Arabic (Islamic) culture in the Middle Ages and one by New World (North or South American) Indians.  (4 pts)

Outline a negative feedback system that would regulate body temperature or blood glucose levels.  (6 pts)

Extra Credit:

"If a physician make a large incision with an operating knife and cure it, or if he open a tumor (over the eye) with an operating knife, and saves the eye, he shall receive ten shekels in money. If the patient be a freed man, he receives five shekels. If he be the slave of some one, his owner shall give the physician two shekels."

The above quote is from the:  A) Bible.  B) Koran.  C)  Code of Hammurabi.  D) Cannon of Medicine by Avicenna.  E) Blue Cross subscribers handbook.