Exam 3, Anatomy & Physiology
November 8, 2001
Use Scantron for Questions 1-40
1) _____ A vertebra is considered a/an ____ bone. A) irregular. B) short. C) long D) flat. E) A & D.
2) ______ The membrane that covers the inner surface of bone is called the: A) endosteum. B) haversian lining. C) periosteum. D) trabeculae. E) epiosteum.
3) ______ The combination of calcium salts found in bone is called: A) calcium carbonate. B) diploe. C) acromegaly. D) hydroxyapatite. E) Epson salts.
4) _____ Osteomalacia is essentially the adult form of which disease? A) osteoporosis. B) juvenile arthritis. C) rickets. D) Paget's disease. E) achondroplasia.
5) _____ The cells that enzymatically destroy bone tissue are called: A) osteoblasts. B) osteoclasts. C) osteoplasts. D) osteocytes. E) bonobreakers.
6) ____ Adults have fewer bones than infants because: A) non-functional bones are: destroyed. B) bones are "lost" by fusion. C) sutural bones are lost as we age. D) outer space aliens abduct numerous people and remove bones.
7) ______ The distal end of the
humerus has two articulating surfaces, the: A) medial and lateral condyles.
B) trochlea and capitulum.
C) head and capitulum. D) olecranon and coracoid processes. E) medial and
lateral styloid processes.
8) _____ A skull suture is a: A) fibrous joint. B) semi-moveable joint. C) synovial joint D) cartilaginous joint. E) none of the above.
9) _______ The distal end of the tibia articulates with primarily the: A) calcaneus. B) femur. C) metatarsus. D) talus. E) patella.
10)_______ A ballerina standing on her toes is an example
of: A) plantar flexion. B) eversion. C) dorsiflexion. D)
inversion.
E) tippitoextension.
11)_______ Which movements can you perform at both your hip and knee joints? A) abduction and extension. B) abduction and adduction. C) circumduction and rotation. D) flexion and extension. E) none of the above.
12) ______ Ball-and-socket joints are generally: A) uniaxial. B) multiaxial. C) biaxial. D) transaxial. E) nonaxial.
13)_____ An epiphyseal plate is an example of a/an: A) cartilaginous joint. B) suture.C) fibrous joint. D) synovial joint. E) none of the above. It's not a joint!
14) _______ The pubic symphysis is an example of a/an:
A) semi-moveable joint. B) fibrous joint. C) cartilaginous joint.
D) A & B.
E) A & C.
15) ______ The foramen magnum is an opening in the ______ bone. A) frontal.B) temporal. C) sphenoid. D) occipital. E) parietal.
16) _____ The xiphoid process is found on the: A) ulna. B humerus C) temporal bone. D) xylophone bone. E) sternum.
17) _____ The odontoid process or dens is part of the: A) axis. B) atlas. C) temporal bone. D) sphenoid. E) ethmoid.
18)_______ Secondary spinal curvatures develop in: A) scoliosis. B) lordosis C) response to crawling and walking. D) the fetus. E) A & B
19) _____ Which is NOT a characteristic of ALL synovial joints? A) a meniscus. B) synovial fluid. C) articular cartilage. D) joint capsule. E) none of the above.
20) ______ The following bone does NOT have a sinus cavity. A) maxilla. B) frontal. C) temporal. D) sphenoid. E) ethmoid.
21) _____ Which of the following is NOT a synovial type of joint? A) condyloid. B) pivot. C) rotational. D) hinge. E) saddle.
22) ______ The form of arthritis which is believed to be autoimmune in nature is: A) osteoarthritis. B) rheumatoid arthritis. C) gouty arthritis. D) lyme disease. E) none of the above.
23) ____ The nucleus pulposus is found in: A) synovial joints. B) spongy callus. C) intervertebral disks. D) knee joints. E) tendon sheaths.
24) _______ The deltoid ligament is associated with the ____ joint. A) jaw. B) hip.C) shoulder. D) elbow. E) ankle.
25) ______ Incomplete fusion of the palatine processes results in: A) club foot.B) spina bifida. C) cleft palate. D) dwarfism. E) gout.
26) _____ The rotation of the radius across and over ulna is called: A) circumduction. B) supination. C) pronation. D) antination. E) protraction.
Matching: Match the movement with its definition. (1 pt each)
| 27) _______ decrease angle between bones. | A) abduction |
| 28) _______ increase angle between bones. | B) adduction |
| 29) _______ movement toward midline | C) extension |
| 30) _______ movement away from midline | D) eversion |
| E) flexion |
Matching: Match the type of fracture with its description. (1 pt each)
31)
_____ Bone fragments into many pieces. |
A) simple |
| 32)
_____ Incomplete break when one side bends. Common in children. |
B) compound |
| 33)_____
Bone breaks cleanly but doesn't pierce the skin. |
C) comminuted |
| 34)_____
Bone breaks cleanly and pierces the skin. |
D) spiral |
| 35)_____
Bone broken in twisting manner. Common sports injury. |
E) greenstick |
Match the structure combination with the primary joint type. (1 pt each)
| 36) _______ carpal - carpal | A) saddle |
| 37) _______ head of radius - radial notch of ulna | B) pivot |
| 38) _______ femur - tibia | C) gliding |
| 39) _______ trapezium (carpal)-1st metacarpal | D) condyloid/ellipsoidal |
| 40) _______ metacarpal-phalange (knuckles) | E) hinge |
Fill Ins: 1-2 pts each
Erythropoesis is the production of ________________________________. It occurs in
the _____________ bone ___________________.
Long bones that are growing in length are characterized by the presence of a/an
____________________ __________________ that is located between the epiphysis
(the ____________ center of ossification) and the diaphysis (the _____________ center
of ossification). This type of bone formation is called _______________________ ossification.
_________________ bones develop by intramembranous ossification. This process is
characterized by osteoblasts forming directly from ________________________.
Remodeling directly follows ___________________________ callus formation during fracture healing.
Bones that develop in tendons are called _________________ bones.
A tendon sheath is a modified _____________________________. The function
of a tendon sheath is to _______________________________________
In a sprain _______________________ are stretched or torn.
A cartilaginous wedge associated with the knee joint is a(n) ____________________.
The most debilitating form of arthritis is ____________________________________
The deltoid tuberosity is located on the _______________________________.
The anterior cruciate prevents ________________________________________________.
The anterior cruciate derives its name from its anterior attachment to the ______________
and, along with the posterior cruciate it forms the shape of a ______________________.
The 3 "C's" of knee injuries are cruciates _________________ and _______________________.
The zygomatic and mastoid processes are found on the __________________ bone.
Which two joints have a labrum? ______________________ & ______________________.
Based on structure, there are three types of joints: ____________________________,
_____________________________, and ___________________________________.
The __________________ of a rib articulates with the ______________ _______________ of a vertebra.
Outline the mechanisms by which the body responds to low calcium levels in the plasma (hypocalcemia). (8 pts)
What is the physiological reason why your grandmother has a greater chance of osteoporosis than your grandfather? What four things can your grandmother do to reduce her chances of osteoporosis? (8 pts)
What is Wolff's Law? (2 pts)
How do pituitary dwarfism and dwarfism due to achondroplasia differ? (What are their causes and how do affected individuals differ in body proportions?) (8 pts)
Label ten of the indicated structures in the diagram below. This is the knee joint. (fontal/cut-away view)
It is primarily a/an ____________________ joint, but some ____________________ also occurs here. (12 pts total)