Exam 3, Anatomy & Physiology
November 21, 2002

Use Scantron for Multiple Choice & Matching Questions 1-40

1)_______ Bones that form within tendons are called: A) Wormian bones. B) irregular bones.
C) sesamoid bones. D) Inca bones. E) none of the above since they don’t exist.

2) _______ The membrane that covers the outer surface of bone is called the:
A) endosteum. B) mesosteum. C) periosteum. D) perichondrium. E) epiosteum.

3) ______ Red blood cells are produced in: A) yellow marrow. B) compact bone.
C) cartilage. D) red marrow. E) factories in China.

4) _______ Osteons are linked together by: A) lacunae. B) perforating or Volkman’s canals.
C) Haberian canals. D) lamellae. E) a periosteum.

5) _______ Bones that are used primarily to transfer force are generally: A) long bones.
B) irregular bones. C) flat bones. D) short bones. E) Asama Bone Laden. .

6) ______ Atrophy and thinning of bone due to hormonal changes, inactivity, or general aging
is called: A) rickets. B) arthritis. C) osteomyelitis. D) osteoporosis. E) achondroplasia

7) _______Which of the following is present in bones but is lacking in cartilage?
A) blood vessels. B) matrix. C) collagen. D) lacunae. E) none of the above.

8) ______ A vertebra is considered a(n): A) irregular bone. B) short bone. C) long bone.
D) appendicular bone. E) flat bone.

9) ______ A primary center of ossification forms in the: A) epiphysis. B) diaphysis.
C) metaphysis. D) epiphyseal plate . E) A & D.

10) ______ Appositional growth is the way: A) bones increase in length. B) bones increase in thickness. C) cartilage turns into bone. D) A & B.

11) ______ A tendon sheath is a modified: A) meniscus. B) ligament. C) muscle
D) bursa. E) epimysium.

12) ______ A “fibrocartilaginous callus” is: A) the same as an intervertebral disc.
B) formed after the bony callus. C) formed before the bony callus. D) formed after bone remodeling. E) the same as an epiphyseal plate.

13) ______ Lateral epicondylitis is commonly known as: A) softball elbow. B) a dislocation.
C) tennis elbow. D) water on the knee. E) shin splints.

14)______ A ballerina standing on her toes is an example of: A) plantar flexion.
B) eversion. C) dorsiflexion. D) inversion. E) hyperextension.

15)______ The joint between the trapezium and the first metacarpal is: A) uniaxial. B) a modified hinge joint. C) a saddle joint. D) a condyloid joint. E) gliding joint.

16) ______ The form of arthritis that is believed to be autoimmune in nature is:
A) osteoarthritis. B) rheumatoid arthritis. C) gouty arthritis.
D) spondylitis. E) none of the above.

17) _____ The disease characterized by uric acid deposits in the soft tissues of joints is called:
A) osteoarthritis. B) rheumatoid arthritis. C) spondylitis. D) gouty arthritis or gout.
E) chronic arthritis.

18) _____ A rim of fibrocartilage that deepens certain joints is called a:
A) meniscus. B) labrum. C) bursa. D) cruciate. E) capsule.

19) _______ The specialized bone cells that enzymatically destroy bone tissue are called:
A) osteoblasts. B) periosteocytes. C) osteoclasts. D) osteoprogenitors.

20) _____ A spontaneous fracture in a bone affected by osteoporosis would be classified as:
A) traumatic. B) intramembranous. C) pathologic. D) arthritic.

21) ________ An epiphyseal plate is a sign of: A) a growing bone. B) a fracture.
C) a fracture that is healing. D) osteoporosis. E) dwarfism.

22) _______ In intramembranous ossification, bone develops: A) directly from hyaline cartilage. B) directly from calcified cartilage. C) directly from embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme). D) from internal and external calluses. E) in primary and secondary ossification centers.

23) _______ Hydroxyapatite is: A) a phase of fracture repair. B) a drug used to treat osteoporosis. C) the form of calcium salts in bone. D) the desire to chew on bones when suffering from hypocalcemia. E) a type of dwarfism.

24)______ Secondary spinal curvatures develop in: A) scoliosis. B) lordosis.
C) response to crawling and walking. D) the fetus. E) A & B

25) ______ The deltoid ligament is associated with the: A) jaw. B) hip. C) shoulder D) elbow.
E) ankle.

26)_______ The head of myosin is actually an enzyme called: A) acetylcholinesterase.
B) myosin esterase. C) myosin ATPase. D) troponin. E) strokinase

27) _______ Intermediate fibers are best described as: A) slow fibers that are fatigue resistant.
B) fast fibers that are fatigue resistant. C) slow fibers that fatigue easily. D) fast fibers that fatigue easily. E) fibers that can’t make up their mind.

28)_______ In terms of structure, a suture is a: A) fibrous joint. B) plane joint. C) synovial joint.
D) gomphosis,

29) ______ Each skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called
the: A) epimysium. B) perimysium. C) promysium. D) endomysium. E) sarcolemma.

30)_____ The primary fuel source for resting muscle is: A) fatty acids. B) amino acids.
C) glucose. D) creatine. E) Duff beer.

31) ______ A motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it innervates is called a:
A) motor group. B) endplate. C) motor unit. D) fasciculus. E) mo' muscle.

32) ______The detachment of a myosin cross-bridge from actin is directly triggered by:
A) calcium ions. B) synthesis of ATP. C) attachment of a new ATP to myosin head.
D) Ach esterase. E) tropomyosinase.

33) _____ A bundle of muscle cells is called a: A) muscle, duh. B) myofiber. C) fascia. D) fascicle.E) sarcolemma.

34)_______ The I bands of muscle myofibrils represent: A) actin filaments. B) myosin filaments.
C) intermediate filaments. D) A & B.

Matching: Match the bone/structure combination with the type of joint. (1 pt each)

Dr. Phil These In: (1-2 pts each)
The anterior cruciate prevents ________________________________________________.

Moving the hand into a palm-up position is called ____________________________.

Lifting or raising a body part is called ______________________(as in shrugging the shoulders).

A _________________ _______________________ is the rupture of the annulus fibrosis.

The odontoid process or dens is a peglike process characteristic of the __________________

A myofibril is made of a series of identical subunits called ________________________.

A bone that has a body and at least one ramus is the __________________,

The female true pelvis is _____________________-er and _____________________-er than the male true pelvis.

Rib pairs #11 and #12 are _______________ribs. They lack ________________________.

The occipital condyles articulate with the _________________________.

The joint between a tooth and the tooth socket is classified as a/an ________________________.

“_____________________ your ____________________” is the anatomically correct and polite way to say “Shut your $##!?#%!@ mouth.”

------Fill-in-Essay----
A motor neuron releases the neurotransmitter _________________________ into the neuromuscularjunction. This neurotransmitter binds to__________________________ on the endplate membrane (sarcolemma) and generates an endplate potential, which then generates a/an _____________________ potential. This impulse travels along the sarcolemma and is transmitted into the cell through the ________ ____________________. This activates the release of _______________ ions from the ________________________ reticulum. These ions bind to the protein__________________, which now alters its configuration and moves a protein called _____________________ away from the active site on ____________________. Now that the active site is exposed, the ___________________ _________________ may bind to it and undergo a stroke.

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What two pairs of bones contribute to the hard palate? What is the function of the hard palate?
(4 pts)

What is the significance of the following types of fractures: (what are they, who typically gets them or when/where do they happen?) (2 pts each)

compound:

greenstick:

What two features of the shoulder joint are responsible for its high mobility? What key structure stabilizes the shoulder joint? (6 pts)

What are the two key functions of the patella? (4 pts)

What is Wolff’s Law? Describe one application (a “real-life situation”) involving Wolff’s Law. What’s the penalty for breaking Wolff’s Law? ; -). (4 pts)

Why does the risk of osteoporosis increase in women after menopause? (4 pts)

Describe how the body responds to low plasma calcium (hypocalcemia). (What tissues, organs, and hormone are involved?) (6 pts)

When an athlete trains for a sport that requires endurance, what are four specific physiological or anatomical changes that take place in his or her key muscles that help to increase endurance? (4 pts)

When is lactic acid produced in a muscle? How does this pH change influence muscle physiology?
(4 pts)

Contrast the Knee and Jaw joints in terms of which bone structures articulate with one another, the key associated structures, and the movements allowed at each joint. (15 pts)

Extra Credits:

Sarcopenia is the loss of ______________________________.

The two “necks” of the humerus are the _______________ & _____________________ necks.

Lyme Disease is named after _______________ ____________________________.

What is the "plow-shaped" bone that forms part of nasal septum? ______________________

Who was “Mr. Plow?” _____________ _________________________
(Hint: His best friend Barney set up a rival company, “Plow King.”)

Andre the Giant starred in the movie “The __________________ _______________”

Andre had diseases or conditions called __________________________ and
__________________________.

What is the Funny Bone?