Anatomy & Physiology
Exam 4; December 17, 2002

Multiple Choice (1 pt each) Use Scantron for Questions 1-45.

1)______ Which muscle elevates of the mandible? A) digastric. B) masseter.
C) temporalis. D) A & B. E) B & C.

2) ______ Which of the following is the major adductor of the humerus? A) deltoid.
B) trapezius. C) biceps brachii. D) latissimus dorsi. E) rhomboideus.

3) ______ The soleus muscle: A) is synergistic to the gastrocnemius. B) inserts on the calcaneus. C) originates on the femur. D) all of the above. E) A & B.

4)_______ The frontalis and occipitalis are parts of which muscle? A) cranialis.
B) epicranius. C) aponeurosis major. D) episcalpius. E) levator scalpulae.

5) ______ Wrinkling the skin of the brow (between eyebrows) is the action of the:
A) corrugator supercilli. B) depressor supercilli. C) orbicularis oculi.
D) platysma. E) levator supercili.

6) ______ The muscle most associated with smiling is the: A) platsyma. B) buccinator.
C) zygomaticus. D) grinilis. E) levator labii superioris.

7) _____ The pectoralis major and minor: A) have the same origin. B) have the same insertion.
C) insert on different bones. D) are both abductors. E) require 40 and 20 units.

8) _____ A muscle that has fibers arranged at an angle to a long tendon has which type of muscle fiber arrangement? A) circular. B) longitudinal. C) pennate. D) parallel. E) none of the above.

9)_______ The muscle that closes the eyelid (winking) is the: A) buccinator.
B) frontalis. C) orbicularis oculi. D) orbicularis oris. E) winkinator.

10) ______ The rectus abdominis is best described as a/an ____ muscle: A) fusiform.
B) bipennate. C) strap or parallel. D) unipennate. E) circular

11) _____ Flexors of the wrist originate primarily on the: A) medial epicondyle of the humerus. B) lateral epicondyle of the humerus. C) medial epicondyle of the ulna. D) styloid process of the ulna. E) styloid process of the radius.

12) ______ The prime mover of dorsiflexion is the: A) gastrocnemius. B) soleus.
C) tibialis anterior. D) flexor digitorum longus. E) A & B.

13) ______ The serratus anterior is called the: A) boxer’s muscle. B) tailor’s muscle.
C) trumpter’s muscle. D) lat’s little helper. E) smack down muscle.

14)_____The hamstring muscles are innervated by the ____ nerve:
A) obturator. B) femoral. C) peroneal D) sciatic. E) non-kosher.

15) ____ The muscle that retracts the tongue is the: A) levator labii.
B) styloglossus. C) genioglossus. D) sternoglossus. E) retractor glossi.

16) ______ The prime mover of arm extension and adduction is the: A) pectoralis major.
B) triceps brachii. C) latissimus dorsi. D) deltoid. E) coracobrachialis.

17) ______ Which muscle has no attachment to the pelvis? A) sartorius. B) vastus medialis.
C) quadratus lumborum.. D) rectus femoris. E) adductor magnus.

18) _____ The biceps brachii and brachialis differ in their: A) origin.
B) insertion. C) primary action. D) innervation. E) A & B.

19) ______ The peroneus longus and brevis muscles act to: A) plantar flex the foot. B) dorsiflex the foot. C) evert the foot. D) A & C. E) B & C.

20) ______ Flexion of the knee and plantar flexion are actions of the: A) soleus.
B) gastrocnemius. C) tibialis anterior. D) peroneus longus. E) B & C.

21) _____ This muscle inserts on the olecranon process. A) biceps brachii. B) brachialis.
C) triceps brachii. D) deltoid. E) teres minor.

22) ____ The musculocutaneous nerve innervates: A) extensors of the forearm.
B) flexors of the forearm. C) extensors of the arm. D) flexors of the leg.

23) ______ The ____ is a synergist to the latissimus dorsi. A) biceps brachii.
B) trapezius. C) rhomboideus. D) brachialis. E) teres major.

24) _____ Tendinous intersections (or inscriptions) are found in the: A) external oblique. B) rectus abdominis. C) serratus anterior. D) A & B. E) B & C.

25) _____ The primary action of the pectorialis minor is: A) to assist the pectoralis major.
B) protaction of the scapula. C) flexion of the arm. D) retraction of the scapula. E) A & C.

26) _____ Its origin is the coracoid process and its insertion is the medial margin of shaft of humerus. This muscle must be the: A) biceps brachii. B) brachialis.C) teres major. D) coracobrachialis. E) triceps brachii.

27) ______ The structure that separates the left and right rectus abdominis muscles is the:
A) tendinous intersection. B) linea aspera. C) linea alba. D) abdominal aponeurosis.

28) ______ The depolarization phase of an action potential is due to: A) sodium ions entering the cell. B) sodium ions leaving the cell. C) potassium ions entering the cell. D) potassium ions leaving the cell. E) none of the above.

29) ______ The repolarization phase of an action potential is due to: A) sodium ions entering the cell. B) sodium ions leaving the cell. C) potassium ions entering the cell. D) potassium ions leaving the cell. E) none of the above.

30) ______The after-hyperpolarization (undershoot) phase of an action potential is due to excess:
A) sodium ions entering the cell. B) sodium ions leaving the cell. C) potassium ions entering the cell. D) potassium ions leaving the cell. E) none of the above.

31) ______ The velocity of a nerve impulse conduction is greatest in _____, ______ diameter neurons: A) myelinated, large B) myelinated small. C) unmyelinated large. D) unmyelinated small.

32) ______ In a resting neuron, sodium ions: A) are more concentrated inside.
B) are more concentrated outside. C) tend to leak out of the cell. D) A & C.

33)_____ A “Node of Ranvier” is a: A) collection of neuron cell bodies. B) myelin sheath.
C) gap between adjacent myelin sheaths. D) collection of axons. E) nerd from Ranvier, France.

34) _____ Which of the following does not characterize a dendrite? A) usually more than one per neuron.B) tapering. C) have voltage-gated channels. D) have chemically gated channels. E) receptive.

35) ______ Which of the following structures is not a part of the central nervous system?
A) the brain. B) a nerve. C) a tract. D) the spinal cord.

36) ______ Intercalated discs are: A) characteristic of cardiac muscle cells. B) next to the Z-lines.
C) part of the muscle endplate. D) the same as neuromuscular junctions.

37) _______The calcium binding protein of smooth muscle is: A) tropomyosin.
B) troponin. C) calmodulin D) calbindin E) desmin.

38).______ Both cardiac muscle and smooth muscle: A) depend on anaerobic metabolism. B) have sarcomeres. C) are considered involuntary. D) all of the above. E) B & C.

39) ______ Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is due to: A) the production of dystrophin in muscle cells.B) the absence of dystrophin in muscle cells. C) an immune attack on Ach receptors (muscle endplates). D) a blockage of Ach release. E) botulinum toxin overdose.

40) ______ Myasthenia gravis is due to: A) the production of dystrophin in muscle cells.
B) the absence of dystrophin in muscle cells. C) an immune attack on Ach receptors (on muscle endplates). D) a blockage of Ach release. E) botulinum toxin overdose.

Matching: Match the neuroglial cells with their function. (Continue using scantron!)

Fill In: (1-2 pts each)
The function of a retinaculum is to ____________________________________________.

The iliopsoas muscle is the combination of the __________________ and ________________

________________ muscles. Its primary action is to _______________ the _______________.

The primary action of the gluteus medius is to ___________________ the ___________________.

The key function of the iliotibial tract is to _______________________________________.

Shin splits are typically due to damage to the ______________ _____________ muscle.

The less moveable attachment site of a muscle is its ____________________________.

Besides flexing the forearm, the biceps brachii also __________________________ the forearm.

On what basis were the following muscles named? (1 pt each)
rhomboideus: ________________________
external obliques: ________________________ & _____________________________.
biceps brachii: _______________________________ & _____________________________
sternocleidomastoid _______________________________________________

Most muscles of the body act in _______-class lever systems. This lever system operates at a
mechanical _______________________ because _________________ is more important than power.

The semitendinosus is one of the ____________________ muscles. Its action is
to ____________________ the ___________________ and to ___________________ the
________________________It originates on the _______________ _________________
and inserts on the _________________ side of the ______________________.

Which rotator cuff muscle was not named after its location? ______________________________.

Dorothy opened her mouth and stuck out her tongue. The two principal muscles she used were the_________________________ and _____________________________

Compression of the abdomen and rotation of the trunk are the actions of the ______________
__________________ and the ___________________ _____________________.

In terms of the structural and functional classes of neurons, most of our brain consists of
__________________-polar __________________ neurons.

A man goes to his doctor complaining that he woke up one morning and he couldn’t move muscles on the right side of his face. The doctor asked him if his ability to chew food was affected and the man said that he could chew normally. What condition does the man probably have? Why would his facial muscles be affected and his muscles of mastication be unaffected? (4 pts)

List the muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris. What are their origins, insertions, and actions? What nerve innervates them? (8 pts)

Describe the Hodgkin cycle. (4 pts)

On the diagrams below, sketch the following muscles. Be sure to be accurate with the origins and insertions! (3 pts each) Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, teres major, infraspinatus, rhomboideous major, sartorius, latissimus dorsi, rectus femoris, biceps brachii, adductor magnus semimembranosus, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius.

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Extra Credit
What is Moebius Syndrome?

Who wrote “The Boxer”? A) Mohammed Ali. B) Paul Simon. C) Barbara Boxer. D) Drederick Tatum. E) Sylvester Stallone. (Extra, Extra credit – who the heck is Drederick Tatum?)