Exam 4. Anatomy & Physiology
May 14, 2002

Use Scantron for Questions 1 – 35
1) _____ The tubule cells that provide nourishment for developing sperm are called: A) Leydig cells. B) interstitial cells. C) Jedi cells. D) Sertoli cells. E) Madonnacytes

2) _______ Testosterone is produced by: A) Sertoli cells. B) interstitial cells. C) nurse cells. D) Cowper's cells. E) machocytes.

3) ______ The primary area in the nephron that reabsorbs glucose is the: A) Bowman's capsule. B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal proximal convoluted tubule. D) loop of Henle. E) collecting duct.

4) _______ The active movement of materials from the kidney tubules back into the blood is called: A) reabsorption. B) filtration. C) secretion. D) dialysis E) emission.

5) _______ Circumcision is the removal of a male's: A) glans penis. B) Cowper's gland. C) epididymis. D) prepuce. E) forebrain.

6) _______ Aldosterone is produced by the: A) kidneys. B) hypothalamus. C) anterior pituitary. D) adrenal cortex. E) none of the above.

7) ______ Renin is produced by the: A) kidneys. B) hypothalamus. C) anterior pituitary. D) adrenal cortex. E) none of the above.

8) ______ Antidiuretic hormone is produced by the: A) kidneys. B) hypothalamus. C) anterior pituitary. D) adrenal cortex. E) adrenal medulla.

9) _____ Inhibin is a hormone which can: A) inhibit menstrual cramping. B) inhibit testosterone production. C) inhibit the sex drive. D) inhibit menstruation. E) inhibit FSH production.

10) _______ The corpus luteum secretes: A) progesterone. B) estrogen.C) luteinizing hormone. D) all of the above. E) A & B. only.

11) _______ The corpora cavernosa are found in the: A) ovary. B) testes. C) penis. D) kidney. E) uterus. F) yellow pages.

12) ______ RU-486 can induce an abortion because it: A) acts like estrogen. B) blocks the action of progesterone. C) blocks the action of estrogen. D) acts like progesterone. E) acts like chorionic gonadotrophin.

13) ______ The yellow color of urine is due to the presence of: A) urochrome. B) urea. C) lemon jello. D) ammonia. E) heme.

14) _______ During their formation, sperm cells lose: A) all their mitochondria.B) much of their cytoplasm. C) their nucleus. D) A & B. E) their virginity.

15) ______ Fimbriae are structures that: A) aid ejaculation. B) are found in the ovary. C) draw an ovulated oocyte into the oviduct. D) help propel sperm past the cervix. E) are found in the testes.

16) ______ Micturition is: A) a phase of the male sexual response. B) the same as menstruation. C) the same as urination. D) a phase in sperm production. E) a disease that can require kidney dialysis if serious.

17) ______ A female has her peak number of oocytes when she is: A) 12-13 years old. B) in her twenties. C) 3 years old. D) a fetus. E) partying during Spring Break.

18)____ Large proteins, such as albumin, don't normally appear in the urine because: A) they are reabsorbed rapidly. B) they can't be secreted. C) they can't enter the loop of Henle. D) they are too big to enter the filtrate . E) all of the above.

19) _______ When urine accumulates in the bladder, it stimulates ___ receptors. A) pH. B) osmo-. C) stretch. D) sphincter. E) gottapee.

20)_______ Penicillin ends up in the urine because it: A) is actively reabsorbed. B) secreted into the tubules. C) easily filtered. D) damages the kidneys.E) is part of a drug company plot to keep antibiotic prices high.

21)______ When capsular hydrostatic pressure increases: A) filtration rate increases.B) filtration rate decreases. C) more filtrate is formed. D) A & C. E) B & C.

22)______ Cryptorchidism is the clinical name for: A) infertility. B) impotence.
C) false pregnancy. D) non-descended testes. E) spermless semen.

23)____ A major calyx empties directly into the: A) renal pelvis. B) ureters C) minor calyx D) renal columns. E) Kingsman Creek.

24) ______ The erectile tissue surrounding the urethra in the penis is the: A) corpora cavernosa. B) corpus spongiosum. C) corpus delecti. D) corpora urethra

25) ______ The corona radiata is the name for: A) the cells that surround ovulated oocyte. B) erectile tissue of the penis. C) the developing corpus luteum. D) a mature or Graafian follicle. E) a new Mexican beer.

26) _____ The structure in females that is equivalent (homologous) to the scrotum of males is the: A) clitoris. B) labia majora. C) vagina. D) ovary E) Gucci purse.

27) ______ The detrusor muscle is found in the: A) scrotum. B) external urinary sphincter. C) bladder. D) vagina. E) prostate.

28)______ When this increases, net filtration increases: A) glomerular hydrostatic pressure. B) glomerular osmotic pressure. C) capsular hydrostatic pressure. D) B & C. E) A & C.

29) ______ The primary nitrogenous waste that humans excrete in urine is: A) ammonia. B) urea. C) uric acid. D) urochrome. E) amino acid.

30) ______ Our kidneys normally reabsorb ____% of the glomerular filtrate. A) 10% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75%. E) 99%.

31)______ Kidneys use about ___% of the body's cardiac output and oxygen (energy). A) 5%. B) 10%. C) 20%. D) 40%. E) none of the above -- it’s unknown.

32) _______ Nephrons help regulate blood pH because they exchange: A) water. B) hydrogen ions (H+). C) sodium ions (Na+) . D) potassium ions (K+).

33) ______ The function of the bulbourethral gland is to: A) produce 40% of semen. B) prevent backflow of semen into the bladder. C) secrete a lubricating and neutralizing fluid prior to ejaculation. D) control the volume of semen leaving
the penis. E) inject bulbos into the urethra when needed.

34) ______ Membranous, prostatic and penile are regions of the: A) corpora cavernosa. B) vagina. C) male urethra. D) male ureter. E) new concentrations in the ESSM program.

35) ______ The main site of sperm storage and maturation is the: A) testis. B) vas deferens.C) epididymis. D) seminal vesicle. E) corpora cavernosa.

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Fill-it-inners: (1-2 pts each)

Fluid tends to leave capillaries because ____________________ pressure is greater than ____________________________ pressure. If too much fluid leaves the capillaries, the condition called _____________________ can result.

Excessive vasodilation or blood loss can result in _____________________________, which is due an inadequate blood flow to meet metabolic needs of tissues.

The functional unit of the kidney is the _________________________________.

Renal columns are located between renal ____________________________.

The filtration barrier of the glomerulus consists of ___________________________
____________________________________________

Ureters convey urine from the _____________________ to the _____________________.

Urine is formed by three basic processes: _______________________________,
___________________________________ and ______________________________.

The internal urethra sphincter is under voluntary / involuntary control (circle one) in a normal adult.

The two “currents” of the countercurrent mechanism of the kidney are the _______
___________________________ and ____________________________________.

Angiotensin II has two major effects: _______________________________________
and _____________________________________________________________________.

The stimulus for ovulation is an increase in the release of ____________________
from the ________________________________________.

Birth control pills inhibit _________________________ because they mimic
________________________________________________________________________.

Describe two components of semen that help sperm with their function. (4 pts)

Hubert and Bertha, who are not the brightest of couples, want to have a baby. Hubert has been wearing tight jeans and tight underwear in hope that this will excite Bertha, thus increasing their chance of having a baby. Their doctor recommends that Hubert not wear tight jeans or tight underwear. Why? (2 pts)

In order to see if she's pregnant, Bertha buys a "home pregnancy test" kit. Not being great at reading instructions, Bertha tests her saliva the day after she and Hubert have sex. Besides not reading directions and marrying Hubert, what two basic mistakes did Bertha make? (4 pts)

Hubert, who is getting more anxious about having a baby, hears that atropine (belladonna), is an aphrodisiac so he drinks some. Recalling that atropine inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system, predict the specific problem Hubert might encounter during his next scheduled night of conjugal bliss with Bertha. (2 pts)

What is the prostate gland? Where is it located and what are its primary functions?
(6 pts)

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Extra-credit: Starving children often have distended, swollen abdomens. What is the physiological basis of this? (4 pts)

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Diagram of Nephron

Identify structures A through H

Fluid (or filtrate) at point B is like blood except that it lacks: ______________________ and
__________________________________________
Fluid at point D is around _________mOsm. Fluid at point E is around __________ mOsm,
Fluid at the “end of the loop” (*) is _________ mOsm. Fluid at point G is ________ mOsm.
As fluid moves from the (*) to G, osmolarity is increasing/decreasing because NaCl
______________________________ and water ___________________________________.
If ADH is present, water is transported into the tubule/ out of the tubule in region ______(#)
Aldosterone stimulates the transport of _____________ in regions _________ & ____________.

Graph of composite ovarian and uterine cycle.

"A" in the above figure represents the level of the hormone ____________________.
"B" in the above figure represents the level of the hormone _____________________.
"C" in the above figure represents lining of the _______________________________. The
increase in its thickness from days 5 thru 14 is called the _____________________ phase.
What is happening on day 14? ______________________________.
Days 1 thru 5 represents __________________________.
Days 5 thru 13 represents the ____________________ phase of the ovary.

Why is the follicle/corpus luteum getting smaller between days 25 and 28? ___
______________________________________________________________________.