Anatomy & Physiology
Exam 1 2/20/03

Multiple Choice & Matching: 1 pt each Use Scantron for Pages 1 & 2.

1) ______ The layer of the meninges that is next to the cranial bones is the: A) pia mater. B) dura mater. C) arachnoid. D) white mater. E) whatsa mater.

2) ______A ganglion is: A) a neuron nucleus B) a collection of cell bodies in PNS. C) a collection of cell bodies in CNS D) collection of axons in the CNS.

3) _____ Funiculi are: A) folds of the cerebellum. B) white matter tracts of the cerebellum. C) white matter tracts of the spinal cord. D) gray matter regions of the spinal cord. E) the newest type of pasta served at trendy Hollywood restaurants.

4)______ The primary motor cortex is located in the: A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe.C) basal nuclei. D) frontal lobe. E) city of Detroit.

5) ______ The structure that was split in the "split brain experiments" was the: A) frontal lobe. B) hypothalamus. C) corpus callosum. D) hippocampus.

6) ______ A fold of the cerebral cortex is officially known as a: A) gyrus. B) sulcus. C) fissure. D) folia E) crease.

7) ______ MAO inhibitors are used as anti-depressants because they: A) stimulate the frontal cortexonly. B) raise the levels of monoamines in the brain. C) lower the levels of monoamines in the brain. D) raise the levels of amino acids in the brain. E) A & C.

8)______ The region of the brain that plays a major role in emotions, memory and the sense of smell is the: A) occipital lobe. B) frontal lobe. C) limbic system. D) thalamus. E) parietal lobe.

9) ______ White matter tracts that allow neurons in opposite hemispheres to communicate with each other are: A) association tracts. B) commissures. C) pyramidal tracts. D) projection tracts. E) AT & T tracts.

10) ______ The lobe of the brain that is most involved with vision is the: A) frontal lobe.
B) occipital lobe. C) limbic lobe. D) parietal lobe. E) temporal lobe.

11) _______ The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata make up the: A) metencephalon. B) brainstem. C) limbic system. D) Limbaugh system. E) pyramidal system.

12)_______ The arbor vitae is found in the: A) frontal lobe. B) corpus callosum.
C) spinal cord. D) cerebellum. E) occipital lobe.

13) ______ Writhing or “dance-like” movements of the feet are associated with: A) Parkinson's disease. B) Huntington's Chorea. C) Lou Gehrig’s Disease. D) cerebral palsy. E) Boogie-Woogie flu.

14) ______ The inability to move muscles on the right side of the body would be caused by damage to the: A) right precentral gyrus. B) right postcentral gyrus. C) left precentral gyrus. D) left postcentral gyrus. E) none of the above.

15) _____ The choroid plexuses: A) are groups of spinal nerves. B) are damaged in Parkinson’s disease. C) produce cerebrospinal fluid. D) convert short-term memories to long term memories.

16) ______ The collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the spinal cord is called the:
A) lumbar enlargement. B) filum terminale. C) cauda equina. D) conus
medullaris. E) pyramidal tract.

17) ________Electrical synapses: A) are the major type of synapse in the human brain.
B) are never found in vertebrate brains. C) are used when speed is more important than subtlety. D) are used when subtlety is more important than speed. E) A & C.

18) _______Which of the following actions is NOT true for the sympathetic nervous system? It:
A) accelerates heart rate. B) inhibits contractions of the intestines. C) constricts some blood vessels. D) constricts the bronchioles. E) dilates pupils.

19) _______ Plaques and neurofibrillar tangles are characteristics of: A) Lou Gehrig’s
disease. B) Don King’s disease. C) strokes. D) cerebral palsy. E) Alzheimer’s.

20) ______ The part of the brain that regulates alertness is the: A) hypothalamus.
B) limbic system. C) reticular activating system. D) epithalamus. E) pons.

21) _______ Visual reflexes are controlled by the: A) medulla oblongata. B) occipital lobe.
C) superior colliculi. D) inferior colliculi. E) superior funiculi.

Matching: Match the neurotransmitter with the appropriate description.

Matching: Match the cranial nerve with a function.

Match the part of the ANS with its function or characteristic.

Fill In: (1-2 pts each)
Neurotransmitters are generally stored in _____________ __________________. After release,

transmitters diffuse across the _____________ _____________ and bind to________________ on

the ___________________ membrane. This binding results in the opening of ______________-gated

_____________ and either an EPSP or an IPSP is produced. EPSPs are typically due to the

influx/efflux of ________________ ions. IPSPs are typically due to the influx/efflux of

____________________ ions. (circle influx or efflux!)
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Babinski’s sign is due to an abnormal ______________________ reflex and is associated with damage

to the ________________________________________.

In the case of H.M., a lesion of the hippocampus resulted in the loss of ______________
_________________________________________________________________ (be specific!)

The key function of the thalamus is __________________________________________.

The key function of the cerebellum is ________________________________________.

Dorsal roots carry _______________ fibers and ventral roots carry _______________ fibers.

The combination of a dorsal root and a ventral root is a ______________ __________________.

A brain tumor in the _________________ lobe would result primarily in the loss of hearing, balance, and some memory.

If you step on a nail with your right foot, the flexion of the right leg is called a(n)

______________________________________ reflex. The simultaneous extension the

left leg is an example of a(n) _________________________________________ reflex.

A ________________________ is the area of skin innervated by the branches of a single spinal nerve.

Parkinson’s Disease is due to the selective loss of dopamine producing neurons in the

_______________ ________________. Patients are given L-Dopa rather than dopamine because

L-Dopa _____________________________________________________

Deprenyl (selegiline) is another drug used to treat Parkinson’s Disease. What is the mechanism of this drug? (3 pts)

What is MPTP? (2 pts)

What is the significance of the case of Phineus Gage in the history of psychology or neurology?
(4 pts)

What are the four general functions of the hypothalamus? (4 pts)

Where are Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas located? (be specific!) What are their functions? (5 pts)

Outline atropine’s (belladonna’s) mechanism of action that causes dilation of the pupils. (4 pts)

A split-brain patient is shown a picture of a woman talking on a telephone. The picture is shown briefly in her left visual field. When asked what she saw, she could only say that she saw a woman. When asked what the woman was doing, the patient was confused and guessed that the woman was skipping rope. However, the patient could write the answer “telephone” using her left hand. Explain the basis of this phenomenon. (6 pts)

Outline the patellar stretch reflex. Include a sketch of the spinal cord in your answer. (10 pts)

Waldo Wallbanger is a player for the Sacramento Syndromes of the Arena Football League who injured his back while making a pass at a cheerleader. After the injury he lost motor control of his right leg along with touch perception. However, he could feel pain and temperature in his right leg, but not in his left leg.

Waldo’s injury is on the ___________side of the spinal cord in the _______________ region. (2 pts)

Waldo has ____________________________ Syndrome. (2 pts)

Explain the anatomical reason he has these unusual symptoms. (4 pts)

Extra-credits:
What is phrenology?

What antioxidant has shown some benefit to Parkinson’s patients in a recent small study?

What is the significance of the research of Simon LeVay? (from the Newsweek article)