Exam 4. Anatomy & Physiology
May 13th 2003

Use Scantron for Questions 1- 40
1) _______ The cells that provide nourishment for developing sperm are called:
A) Leydig or interstitial cells. B) Cowper's cells. C) follicle cells. D) nourishing cells.
E) Sertoli or sustentacular cells.

2) _______ Testosterone is produced by: A) seminiferous cells. B) Leydig or interstitial cells.
C) machocytes. D) Cowper's cells. E) Sertoli or sustentacular cells.

3) _______ Circumcision is the removal of a male's: A) glans penis. B) Cowper's gland.
C) epididymis. D) prepuce. E) remote control.

4) _______ Inhibin is a hormone that can: A) inhibit menstrual cramping. B) halt
testosterone production. C) enhance the sex drive. D) inhibit menstruation.
E) inhibit FSH.

5) ______ The corpora cavernosa are found in the: A) ovary. B) testes. C) penis.
D) kidney. E) uterus. F) GTE yellow pages, but not in the other directories.

6) ______ During their formation, sperm cells lose: A) all their mitochondria.
B) much of their cytoplasm. C) their nucleus. D) A & B. E) their virginity.

7) ______ Fimbriae are structures which: A) aid ejaculation. B) are found in the ovary. C) draw an ovulated oocyte into the uterine tube. D) help propel sperm past the cervix. E) are found in the testes.

8) _______ A female has her peak number of oogonia and primary oocytes when she is:
A) entering puberty. B) in her twenties. C) 1-2 years old D) a fetus.
E) done with finals.

9) _______ The function of the bulbourethral gland is to: A) produce 40% of semen.
B) prevent backflow of semen into the bladder. C) secrete a lubricating fluid prior to ejaculation. D) control the volume of semen leaving the penis. E) inject bulbos into the urethra when needed.

10) ______ Incontinence is the inability to: A) urinate. B) control urination reflex.
C) conserve water. D) maintain an erection. E) put the toilet seat down.

11) _______ FSH in males directly stimulates: A) testosterone production. B) sperm
production. C) development of secondary sexual characteristics. D) Leydig cells.
E) none of the above (males don’t have follicles).

12) ______ A vasectomy is an operation in which the ____ is cut. A) vasa recta. B) vas
semperens. C) vas deferens. D) vas epididymis. E) vas bobbitens.

13) _______ Cryptorchidism is the clinical name for: A) infertility. B) impotence.
C) a false pregnancy. D) testicular cancer. E) non-descended testes.

14) ______ The erectile tissue surrounding the urethra in the penis and makes up the glans penis is/are the: A) corpora cavernosa . B) corpus spongiosum. C) corpus delecti. D) corpora urethra. E) erector pene.

15) _______ Our kidneys normally reabsorb ____% of the glomerular filtrate. A) 10%
B) 25% C) 50% D) 75%. E) 99%.

16) ______ Renal pyramids empty directly into: A) the renal pelvis. B) ureters
C) a minor calyx. D) a major calyx E) the Nile.

17) ________ Spermatocytes and oocytes are similar in that: A) they are produced by meiosis. B) they are produced throughout life. C) they have a flagellum.
D) they undergo constant mitosis. E) A & B only

18) _______The active movement of materials from the kidney tubules back into the
blood is called: A) reabsorption. B) filtration. C) secretion. D) dialysis.

19) _______ The detrusor muscle is found in the: A) uterus. B) vagina. C) bladder.
D) scrotum. E) urethra.

20) _______ Prostatic, membranous, and penile are regions of the male:
A) vas deferens. B) urethra. C) ureter. D) ejaculatory duct. E) ego.

21)______ When capsular hydrostatic pressure increases: A) filtration rate increases.
B) filtration rate decreases. C) more filtrate is formed. D) A & C. E) B & C.

22) ______ Juxtamedullary nephrons: A) have short loops of Henle. B) have long loops
of Henle. C) have only minor roles in urine formation. D) A & C. E) B & C.

23) ______ Nephrons help regulate blood pH because they exchange: A) water.
B) hydrogen ions. C) sodium ions. D) potassium ions.

24) ______ Vasa recta: A) are the vessels that surround the nephron. B) carry sperm from the epididymis to the urethra C) empty into the renal pelvis. D) is a failed vasectomy (hey doc, you recta my vasa!) E) is another name for Bowman's capsule.

25) ______ Kidneys use about ___% of the body's cardiac output and oxygen.
at rest. A) 1%. B) 10%. C) 20%. D) 50%.

26) _______ Penicillin ends up in the urine because it: A) is actively reabsorbed.
B) secreted into the tubules. C) is easily filtered. D) damages the kidneys.
E) is part of a drug company plot to keep antibiotic prices high.

27) _______ A burst of LH and FSH triggers: A) ovulation. B) menstruation.
C) ejaculation. D) the destruction of the corpus luteum. E) oil fires in Iraq.

28) ______ The conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I is catalyzed by:
A) aldosterone. B) renin. C) converting enzyme. D) angiotensinase.
E) the Pope.

29) _______ One to three seminiferous tubules make up: A) each testis. B) the epididymis.
C) a lobule. D) vas deferens. E) vasa recta.

30) ______ Aldosterone is produced by the: A) kidneys. B) hypothalamus. C) anterior
pituitary. D) adrenal cortex. E) adrenal medulla.

31) _______ Renin is produced by the: A) lungs. B) hypothalamus. C) anterior
pituitary. D) adrenal glands. E) kidneys.

32) _______ The external urethral sphincter is _____ muscle that is under ______
control. A) smooth/involuntary. B) smooth/voluntary. C) skeletal/involuntary.
D) skeletal/voluntary. E) transitional/voluntary.

33) ______ RU-486 can induce an abortion because it: A) acts like estrogen.
B) blocks the action of progesterone. B) blocks the action of estrogen.
D) acts like progesterone. E) acts like chorionic gonadotropin.

34) ______ Birth control pills: A) inhibit ovulation. B) inhibit the burst of FSH and LH.
C) induce menstruation. D) all of the above. E) A & B.

35) _______ The function of the epididymis is to: A) produce semen. B) facilitate meiosis.
C) store sperm. D) concentrate semen. E) add fructose to semen.

36) _______ The function of the scrotum is to: A) protect the testes. B) keep the testes at temperature below body temperature. C) keep the testes at a temperature above body temperature. D) A & B. E) A & C.

37) _______ Where would one find an acrosome? In a/an: A) ovarian follicle.
B) bladder. C) nephron. D) spermatozoan. E) Acro-American studies class.

38) _______ High levels of estrogen without progesterone: A) inhibits ovulation.
B) stimulates menstruation. C) stimulates a burst of LH and FSH. D) all of the above.
E) B & C.

39) ________ At the arteriole end of a capillary, osmotic pressure: A) equals hydrostatic pressure.
B) is greater than hydrostatic pressure. C) is less than hydrostatic pressure. D) is not predictable under normal circumstances.

40) _______ The swollen bellies of malnourished children (kwashiorkor) is due to excess fluid loss from capillaries, a result of: A) high blood pressure. B) low blood pressure. C) high capillary osmotic pressure. D) low capillary osmotic pressure.

Fill Ins: 1-2 pts each

Since there is usually a net movement of fluid out of the capillaries, edema is prevented
because ________________________________________________________.

Two principal organic nutrients that are found in the blood but not normally in the urine
are ________________________ and _____________ _________________.

The three "pressures" that determine the glomerular filtration rate are
____________________________________, ________________________________, and
____________________________________.

The ovarian cycle is divided into three phases: ___________________, ovulation, and
_____________________________.

Our blood osmolarity is around 300 mOsm.. Our urine can be very dilute or
very concentrated -- its normal range is from ____________ to ____________ mOsm.

The primary nitrogenous waste removed by the kidney is _______________________.

Aldosterone stimulates _______________ reabsorption in the _________________
_____________________ ____________________ of the nephron.

The two currents of the countercurrent multiplier system of the kidney are _______
__________________________ and _______________________________

The functions of the paranasal sinuses are to _____________________ and
__________________________ inhaled air.

The function of the nasal conchae is to ________________________________.

The “Adam’s Apple” or ___________________ prominence is a thickening of the
______________________ cartilage.

The trachea has 16-20 C-shaped ________________ _______________ rings.

The two divisions of the bronchial tree are the ________________ zone and
____________________ zone.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by _______________ _______________ across
respiratory membrane that consists of two layers of __________________ ____________
epithelium.

Identify structures 1 through 8 (1 pt each) (A nephron)

Fluid at point A is like blood except that it lacks: ________________________ and
_____________________________________.

Fluid at point B is around _________mOsm. Fluid at point C is around __________ mOsm.

As fluid moves from C to D to E, osmolarity is increasing/decreasing because NaCl
______________________________ and water ___________________________________.

At point F, water _____________________________________ if the hormone
______________________________ is present.

Why does semen have a basic pH and fructose? (4 pts)

In patients who are suffering severe blood loss the glomerular filtration rate decreases. Explain the cause and primary consequence of this change (4 pts)

Indicate what is happening to the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the three phases of the uterine lining. (6 pts)

If pregnancy occurs, how is the menstrual cycle halted? (4 pts)

Extra-Credit
What are the components of the filtration barrier of the glomerulus?

Name two organs with rugae.

Bob Marley was from _______________________, the Reggae Island.