Respiratory System Review Questions

Describe the structure of the respiratory epithelium.

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

The hard palate separates the ____________ and _______________ cavities.

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

What is the function of the epiglottis?

The two large cartilages of larynx are the ____________ and _______________.

The tracheal cartilages are ____-shaped and incomplete.  What is the significance of their "incomplete" anatomy?

The trachea divides into right and left __________________. 

Bronchi give rise to smaller ___________ which give rise to even smaller ___________.

What is surfactant?

The serous membrane which lines the outside of the lungs is called the ____________ _______.

Describe how we inhale and exhale.

Since P1V1 = P2V2, when we inhale the volume of the thoracic cavity ________ and the intrapulmonary pressure ____________.

When we exhale, the volume of the thoracic cavity __________ and the intrapulmonary pressure ____________.

In quiet breathing, inhalation is active and exhalation is _______________.

In forced inhalation, accessory muscles such as the _________ __________ are involved.

In forced exhalation, accessory muscle such as the ___________________ are involved.

What is a pneumothorax?

Be familiar with volumes and capacities measured via spirometry (i.e. tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory reserve, etc).

The partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air is 100 mmHg.  Explain this statement.

What drives the movement of gases across the respiratory membrane?

Each hemoglobin can bind to _______ molecules of oxygen.

What is the significance of the shift of oxygen-hemoglobin curve "to the right" when pH decreases of temperature increases?

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase respiration?

What parts of the brain control breathing?

What is asthma and how is it treated? (two major pharmacological treatments!)

What is emphysema?