Articulations (Joints)
What are the structural classifications of joints? What are the functional classifications of joints?
Why is an epiphyseal plate considered a joint?
In terms of structure a suture is a _____________ joint. In terms of function, a suture
is a __________ joint.
Sketch a generic synovial joint.
What are the subclasses of synovial joints?
What is meant by a nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial joint?
The carpophalangeal joints: what types of joints (general and specific) are they? What movements are allowed at the carpophalangeal joints?
What is the difference between:
eversion and inversion
supination and pronation
abduction and adduction
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Know the definitions of the movements allowed at synovial joints.
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is the best example of a ___ joint in the human body.
What is meant by an "opposable" thumb?
What is a bursa and what is a tendon sheath? Where are they found?
What is a meniscus? What is its function?
What is an articular disc? In which major joint is one found?
Sketch and label a generic synovial joint.
Sketch and label the hip/shoulder/jaw/elbow/knee joint.
The anatomically correct way to say "Shut your mouth" is ........
Which joints are primarily hinge joints?
Which movements are generally allowed at hinge joints?
What helps to stabilize the shoulder joint? knee joint?
What are the three "Cs" of knee injuries?
What is the function of the patella? How does it affect movement of the knee?
What is the origin of the name "anterior cruciate?" (What does the name mean?)
What are the functions of the cruciate ligaments?
Why is the medial meniscus torn more frequently than the lateral meniscus?
What is a labrum? Which joints have a labrum?
Which structure does the hip joint have for which there is no analogous structure in the shoulder joint?
What is bursitis? tendonitis?
What is arthritis? What are the different types of arthritis and what are their possible causes?
What are the various treatment strategies for arthritis?
What is the evidence that infectious agents may cause some forms of arthritis?
What is gout or gouty arthritis? Which joint does commonly affect?
What is a NSAID?
The anterior cruciate prevents ________________________________________________.
Which two joints have a labrum? ______________________ & ______________________.
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

Describe, using a labeled sketch, the knee joint (substitute jaw, shoulder, elbow, hip, ankle) in terms of articulating structures , the key associated structures, and the movements allowed at the joint.
Discuss, with a sketch if you wish, the shoulder joint. What articulates with what? What movements are allowed? What gives the shoulder joint stability? What gives this joint its wide range of motion?
Contrast the shoulder and hip joint (or knee and elbow or jaw) in terms of structure, movements allowed, and associated structures.
Who wrote and recorded "This Joint is Jumpin'"? (hint)

Muscle Physiology
"myo" means _________________; "sarco" means ________________
What are the four primary functions of muscle tissue?
Why are muscles considered excitable?
Define: resting membrane potential, depolarization, repolarization, driving force.
What is the rel
What is the difference between extensibility and elasticity?
Why do skeletal muscles appear striated? Why are they considered "voluntary?"
Define: muscle, muscle fiber, myofibril, and myofilament.
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum and what is its function?
What is a transverse tubule and what is its function?
Sketch and label a sarcomere.
What parts of the sarcomere change in width during muscle contraction and which don't change?
What are the connective tissue layers associated with muscle?
Z-lines are the boundaries of ____________.
Be able to outline the sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction.
Be able to outline the sequence of events in excitation-contraction coupling.
Be able to outline the sequence of events in the sliding filament theory.
What are the roles of myosin, actin, tropomyosin, and troponin in muscle contraction?
The head of myosin is also called the ___________ ___________. It functions as an enzyme called ______________ ______________.
What is the difference between an action potential and an endplate potential?
What is acetylcholine esterase? Inhibition of it would cause ________________.
What are the roles of ATP in muscle contraction and relaxation?
What is rigor mortis?
What is the function of creatine phosphate?
What are the three primary sources of ATP production? How do they differ in the speed at which they provide ATP for muscle contraction?
What is oxygen debt? Contrast it with the national debt.
To what is the latent period of muscle contraction due?
Compare slow and the two types of fast-twitch muscles on the bases of color, myosin ATPase activity, resistance to fatigue, metabolic pathways primarily used (aerobic or anaerobic) blood supply, and myoglobin concentration.
What controls whether a muscle cell becomes fast or slow twitch?
To what extent can a person be a "born" or "made" sprinter? long distance runner?
What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contractions?
Define: summation, incomplete tetanus, and complete tetanus.
What is the function of myoglobin?
How do heat and lactic acid influence muscle physiology?
What are the effects of endurance training on muscle physiology?
What is the relationship between "dystrophin" and Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
What is disuse atrophy? What is dysplasia? What is sarcopenia?
What is the basis of muscle hypertrophy? What muscle type can undergo hyperplasia?
Contrast cardiac muscle with skeletal muscle. (appearance, # nuclei, voluntary or involuntary)
Contrast smooth muscle with skeletal muscle. (appearance, # nuclei, voluntary or involuntary)
What is calmodulin?