General Anatomy: Figures 12.26 (regional anatomy) & 12.28b (cross-section)

Significance of enlargements, cauda equina, filium terminale.

Cross-sectional anatomy: how many horns and funiculi does the spinal cord have? What is the significance of the gray commissure?

What’s the difference between the dorsal and ventral root?

What are the two general types of tracts in the spinal cord?

What is the basis of the Brown-Sequard syndrome? (in lab)

What are the differences (anatomical and functional) between pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts?

Be familiar with the basic anatomy of the spinal cord and how it relates to spinal nerves.

How is an individual nerve organized? What are the connective tissue layers?

What nerve fiber types would one find in a dorsal root? a ventral root?

Which body regions are served by fibers from the dorsal ramus? ventral ramus?

What is a plexus? Where are plexuses found?

Know the major nerves of each plexus (as outlined in your lecture notes).

What is a dermatome? Why are dermatomes and reflex testing important clinically?

Outline the basic components of a stretch reflex. ...a withdrawal reflex. .....a crossed extensor reflex.

How do muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs differ in function?

What is the difference between a gamma motor efferent and an alpha motor efferent? ...the difference between intrafusal and extrafusal fibers?

What is the "Babinski's sign?"

What are neuritis, neuralgia, Bell's palsy, shingles, and polio?