In what ways are the nervous and endocrine systems similar? In which ways are they different?

In general, know the major hormones and their effects.

Why are prostaglandins called "local hormones?" What are some of their functions? (in reproductive system & stomach)

What is the difference between a fixed-membrane receptor and a mobile receptor mechanism? Which type of mechanism is used by steroid hormones? Which mechanism is used by protein hormones?

Why are the pituitary, adrenal gland and the pancreas considered "dual" organs?

What is the anatomical and physiological relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary?

What is the difference between an endocrine and an exocrine gland? Why is the pancreas considered to be both?

What is the "love hormone?" What is the accepted (textbook) role of this hormone?

What is a "releasing factor" or "releasing hormone?"

How is plasma osmolarity maintained?

How are plasma calcium levels maintained?

How are plasma glucose levels maintained?

How are plasma sodium levels maintained?

Outline the steps involved in the thyroxine production and release.

What is goiter and to what is it due?

What is the stress response? What are the roles of the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex in the stress response?

Why are organs like the kidneys and heart considered to have endocrine functions?

What is the effect of FSH in females? in males?

What is chorionic gonadotrophin? What is the basis of home pregnancy tests?

What role might the pineal gland play in human physiology?

What is EPOGEN? Why and when is it normally used in clinical cases? Why is its "abuse" believed to be responsible for the death of some European bicyclists? What specifically caused their deaths? (not simply "too much epogen")

Where are the islets of Langerhans found? Where are the islets of Giligan found?

What is diabetes? What are the two types of diabetes mellitus? How do they differ from one another and how are they generally treated? What are the "three Ps" of diabetes?

What is ketosis?

What are common abnormalities associated with growth hormone?

What are the differences between acromegaly, giantism, and dwarfism? Is a pygmy actually a dwarf?

What is somatostatin?

What is Grave's disease? What is exophthalmos?

What is the difference between cretinism and myxedema?

What is Cushing's syndrome? Addison's disease?

Why would a hyperthyroid person feel warm even though every one else around him/her feels cold? Why would a hyperthyroid person eat 3,000 calories a day and not gain weight whereas a hypothyroid person who had the same activity level would gain weight by eating 1200 calories per day?

Why would an adrenal tumor in a woman sometimes result in facial hair growth and pattern baldness?