What are the major divisions of the nervous system?

Define: afferent, efferent, motor, sensory, somatic, visceral, autonomic.

What are the four types of glial cells found in the CNS? What are their functions? Which glial type is not derived from neural tissue?

What are the two types of glial cells found in the PNS? What are their functions?

Why is a brain tumor more likely to be composed of glial cells rather than neurons?

Sketch and label a generic neuron.

What is the function and significance of the myelin sheath?

What is the function and significance of Nodes of Ranvier?

How are neurons classified on the basis of function and structure?

Most cells are "electrically polarized." What does this mean? What maintains this polarity?

Which ions are more concentrated outside a neuron than inside (and visa versa)?

Sketch and label the phases of an action potential.

Define the following terms: Depolarization, Repolarization, Hyperpolarization.

What are the two kinds (classes) of gated channels found in neurons?

Describe the events which take place in an action potential.

What is the Hodgkin cycle? What starts it? What stops it?

What is a refractory period? What is the difference between an absolute refractory period and a relative refractory period?

How is an action potential propagated down an axon? Why is it called self-propagating?

What features of an axon affect the conduction velocity of an action potential?

What is meant by "saltatory conduction?"

What is a synapse? What are the two types of synapses? How do they differ in structure and function? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type?

What are the three major parts of a chemical synapse?

What is an EPSP? an IPSP? How does an EPSP differ from an action potential? What

What is pre-synaptic inhibition?

In what two ways do synaptic potentials summate?

Neurotransmitters are generally stored in _______________. Exocytosis is generally stimulated by the entry of __________ into the presynaptic terminal. Transmitters diffuse across the ___________ and bind to ______ on the _____________ membrane. This binding results in the opening of ____________ and either an __________ or an _________ is produced. After binding, the neurotransmitter is removed or degraded. ACh is inactivated by ____________; monoamines are inactivated by _________, _______, or ___________________.

What is meant by a "reuptake" mechanism?

Why are monoamines called the "feel good" transmitters?

Pain killing neurotransmitters include _________ and __________. These are classified as _____________ neurotransmitters.

The "exercise high" is believed to be due to _________________________________.

Serotonin is a/an ______________ and is associated with ____________.

Prozac is an antidepressant because it ______________. How does it differ from MAO-inhibitors (older antidepressants)? How is it similar to MDMA (Ecstasy)?

Cocaine is a stimulant because it _________.

Ephedrine, a common ingredient in cold medicines is structurally similar to methamphetamine. What accounts for their different actions?

Why is MSG considered a "drug for the tongue"?

Nerve gases and insecticides are generally inhibit __________________.

What is Parkinson's disease? What is the drug which is used to treat it and why does it work for a while but loses its ability to treat the disease. What new technique has shown promise in treating the disease?

What is "Lou Gehrig's Disease?" What are two possible causes of the disease?

What is "Woody Guthrie's Disease?"

Compare myasthenia gravis with multiple sclerosis.